Analgetikum

Fentanyl ist ein Opioid-Analgetikum, das vor allem mit dem µ-Rezeptor interagiert.

Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic which interacts predominantly with the µ-receptor.

ARZNEIMITTEL ENTHALTEND 2-(3-BENZOYLPHENYL)-PROPIONSÄURE ZUR VERWENDUNG ALS ANALGETIKUM.

PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR USE AS A PAIN KILLER AND CONTAINING (BENZOYL-3 PHENYL)-2 PROPIONIC-(R) ACID.

Pharmazeutische Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 5, wobei das zentral wirkende Analgetikum aus Morphin oder Morphinderivaten, Phenylheptylaminderivaten oder Phenylpiperidinderivaten ausgewählt ist.

The pharmaceutical composition of claims 1 to 5, wherein the centrally acting analgesic is selected from morphine or morphine derivatives, phenylheptylamine derivatives or phenyl piperidine derivatives.

Tablette nach Anspruch 15, wobei das Analgetikum, Antipyretikum oder entzündungshemmende Mittel aus der Gruppe von Aceclofenac, Acemetacin, e-Acetamidocapronsäure, Acetaminophen, Acetaminosalol, Acetanilid, Acetylsalicylsäure, S-Adenosylmethionin, Alclofenac, Alclometason, Alfentanil, Algeston, Allylprodin, Alminoprofen, Aloxiprin, Alphaprodin, Aluminiumbis(acetylsalicylat), Amcinonid, Amfenac, Aminochlorthenoxazin, 3-Amino-4-hydroxybuttersäure, 2-Amino-4-picolin, Aminopropylon, Aminopyrin, Amixetrin, Ammoniumsalicylat, Ampiroxicam, Amtolmetinguacil, Anileridin, Antipyrin, Antrafenin, Apazon, Beclomethason, Bendazac, Benorylat, Benoxaprofen, Benzpiperylon, Benzydamin, Benzylmorphin, Bermoprofen, Betamethason, Bezitramid, ?-Bisabolol, Bromfenac, p-Bromacetanilid, 5-Bromsalicylsäureacetat, Bromsaligenin, Bucetin, Bucloxinsäure, Bucolom, Budesonid, Bufexamac, Bumadizon, Buprenorphin, Butacetin, Butibufen, Butophanol, Carbamazepin, Carbiphen, Carprofen, Carsalam, Celecoxib, Chlorbutanol, Chlorprednison, Chlorthenoxazin, Cholinsalicylat, Cinchophen, Cinmetacin, Ciramadol, Clidanac, Clobetasol, Clocortolon, Clometacin, Clonitazen, Clonixin, Clopirac, Cloprednol, Clove, Codein, Codeinmethylbromid, Codeinphosphat, Codeinsulfat, Cortison, Cortivazol, Cropropamid, Crotethamid, Deflazacort, Desomorphin, Desonid, Desoximetason, Dexamethason, Dexoxadrol, Dextromoramid, Dezocin, Diampromid, Diclofenac, Difenamizol, Difenpiramid, Diflorason, Diflucortolon, Diflunisal, Difluprednat, Dihydrocodein, Dihydrocodeinenolacetat, Dihydromorphin, Dihydroxyaluminiumacetylsalicylat, Dimenoxadol, Dimepheptanol, Dimethylthiambuten, Dioxaphetylbutyrat, Dipipanon, Diprocetyl, Dipyron, Ditazol, Droxicam, Emorfazon, Enfenamsäure, Enoxolon, Epirizol, Eptazocin, Etersalat, Ethenzamid, Ethoheptazin, Ethoxazen, Ethylmethylthiambuten, Ethylmorphin, Etodolac, Etofenamat, Etonitazen, Etoricoxib, Eugenol, Felbinac, Fenbufen, Fenclozinsäure, Fendosal, Fenoprofen, Fentanyl, Fentiazac, Fepradinol, Feprazon, Floctafenin, Fluazacort, Flucloronid, Flufenamsäure, Flumethason, Flunisolid, Flunixin, Flunoxaprofen, Fluocinolonacetonid, Fluocinonid, Fluocortinbutyl, Fluocortolon, Fluoreson, Fluormetholon, Fluperolon, Flupirtin, Flupredniden, Fluprednisolon, Fluproquazon, Flurandrenolid, Flurbiprofen, Formocortal, Fosfosal, Gentisinsäure, Glafenin, Glucametacin, Glykolsalicylat, Guaiazulen, Halcinonid, Halometason, Haloprednon, Hydrocodon, Hydrocortamat, Hydrocortison, Hydromorphon, Hydroxypethidin, Ibufenac, Ibuprofen, Ibuproxam, Imidazolsalicylat, Indomethacin, Indoprofen, Isofezolac, Isoladol, Isomethadon, Isonixin, Isoxepac, Isoxicam, Ketobemidon, Ketoprofen, Ketorolac, p-Lactophenetid, Lefetamid, Levorphanol, Lofentanil, Lonazolac, Lornoxicam, Loxoprofen, Lysinacetylsalicylat, Mazipredon, Meclofenamsäure, Medryson, Mefenamsäure, Meperidin, Meprednison, Meptazinol, Mesalamin, Metazocin, Methadon, Methotrimeprazin, Methylprednisolon, Metiazinsäure, Metofolin, Metopon, Mofebutazon, Mofezolac, Morazon, Morphin, Morphinhydrochlorid, Morphinsulfat, Morpholinsalicylat, Myrophin, Nabumeton, Nalbuphin, 1-Naphthylsalicylat, Naproxen, Narcein, Nefopam, Nicomorphin, Nifenazon, Nifluminsäure, Nimesulid, 5'-Nitro-2'-propoxyacetanilid, Norlevorphanol, Normethadon, Normorphin, Norpipanon, Olsalazin, Opium, Oxaceprol, Oxametacin, Oxaprozin, Oxycodon, Oxymorphon, Oxyphenbutazon, Papaveretum, Paramethason, Paranylin, Parecoxib, Parsalmid, Pentazocin, Perisoxal, Phenacetin, Phenadoxon, Phenazocin, Phenazopyridinhydrochlorid, Phenocoll, Phenoperidin, Phenopyrazon, Phenylacetylsalicylat, Phenylbutazon, Phenylsalicylat, Phenyramidol, Piketoprofen, Piminodin, Pipebuzon, Piperylon, Piprofen, Pirazolac, Piritramid, Piroxicam, Pranoprofen, Prednicarbat, Prednisolon, Prednison, Prednival, Prednyliden, Proglumetacin, Propheptazin, Promedol, Propacetamol, Propiram, Propoxyphen, Propyphenazon, Proquazon, Protizinsäure, Proxazol, Ramifenazon, Remifentanil, Rimazoliummetilsulfat, Rofecoxib, Salacetamid, Salicin, Salicylamid, Salicylamid-o-essigsäure, Salicylsäure, Salicylschwefelsäure, Salsalat, Salverin, Simetrid, Sufentanil, Sulfasalazin, Sulindac, Superoxiddismutase, Suprofen, Suxibuzon, Talniflumat, Tenidap, Tenoxicam, Terofenamat, Tetrandrin, Thiazolinobutazon, Tiaprofensäure, Tiaramid, Tilidin, Tinoridin, Tixocortol, Tolfenamsäure, Tolmetin, Tramadol, Triamcinolon, Tropesin, Valdecoxib, Viminol, Xenbucin, Ximoprofen, Zaltoprofen und Zomepirac ausgewählt ist.

The tablet of Claim 15 wherein the analgesic, antipyretic or anti-inflammatory agent is selected from the group consisting of aceclofenac, acemetacin, e-acetamidocaproic acid, acetaminophen, acetaminosalol, acetanilide, acetylsalicylic acid, S -adenosylmethionine, alclofenac, alclometasone, alfentanil, algestone, allylprodine, alminoprofen, aloxiprin, alphaprodine, aluminum bis(acetylsalicylate), amcinonide, amfenac, aminochlorthenoxazin, 3-amino-4-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-amino-4-picoline, aminopropylon, aminopyrine, amixetrine, ammonium salicylate, ampiroxicam, amtolmetin guacil, anileridine, antipyrine, antrafenine, apazone, beclomethasone, bendazac, benorylate, benoxaprofen, benzpiperylon, benzydamine, benzylmorphine, bermoprofen, betamethasone, bezitramide, ?-bisabolol, bromfenac, p -bromoacetanilide, 5-bromosalicylic acid acetate, bromosaligenin, bucetin, bucloxic acid, bucolome, budesonide, bufexamac, bumadizon, buprenorphine, butacetin, butibufen, butophanol, carbamazepine, carbiphene, carprofen, carsalam, celecoxib, chlorobutanol, chloroprednisone, chlorthenoxazin, choline salicylate, cinchophen, cinmetacin, ciramadol, clidanac, clobetasol, clocortolone, clometacin, clonitazene, clonixin, clopirac, cloprednol, clove, codeine, codeine methyl bromide, codeine phosphate, codeine sulfate, cortisone, cortivazol, cropropamide, crotethamide, deflazacort, desomorphine, desonide, desoximetasone, dexamethasone, dexoxadrol, dextromoramide, dezocine, diampromide, diclofenac, difenamizole, difenpiramide, diflorasone, diflucortolone, diflunisal, difluprednate, dihydrocodeine, dihydrocodeinone enol acetate, dihydromorphine, dihydroxyaluminum acetylsalicylate, dimenoxadol, dimepheptanol, dimethylthiambutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate, dipipanone, diprocetyl, dipyrone, ditazol, droxicam, emorfazone, enfenamic acid, enoxolone, epirizole, eptazocine, etersalate, ethenzamide, ethoheptazine, ethoxazene, ethylmethylthiambutene, ethylmorphine, etodolac, etofenamate, etonitazene, etoricoxib, eugenol, felbinac, fenbufen, fenclozic acid, fendosal, fenoprofen, fentanyl, fentiazac, fepradinol, feprazone, floctafenine, fluazacort, flucloronide, flufenamic acid, flumethasone, flunisolide, flunixin, flunoxaprofen, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, fluocortin butyl, fluocortolone, fluoresone, fluorometholone, fluperolone, flupirtine, fluprednidene, fluprednisolone, fluproquazone, flurandrenolide, flurbiprofen, formocortal, fosfosal, gentisic acid, glafenine, glucametacin, glycol salicylate, guaiazulene, halcinonide, halometasone, haloprednone, hydrocodone, hydrocortamate, hydrocortisone, hydromorphone, hydroxypethidine, ibufenac, ibuprofen, ibuproxam, imidazole salicylate, indomethacin, indoprofen, isofezolac, isoladol, isomethadone, isonixin, isoxepac, isoxicam, ketobemidone, ketoprofen, ketorolac, p -lactophenetide, lefetamine, levorphanol, lofentanil, lonazolac, lornoxicam, loxoprofen, lysine acetylsalicylate, mazipredone, meclofenamic acid, medrysone, mefenamic acid, meperidine, meprednisone, meptazinol, mesalamine, metazocine, methadone, methotrimeprazine, methylprednisolone, metiazinic acid, metofoline, metopon, mofebutazone, mofezolac, morazone, morphine, morphine hydrochloride, morphine sulfate, morpholine salicylate, myrophine, nabumetone, nalbuphine, 1-naphthyl salicylate, naproxen, narceine, nefopam, nicomorphine, nifenazone, niflumic acid, nimesulide, 5'-nitro-2'-propoxyacetanilide, norlevorphanol, normethadone, normorphine, norpipanone, olsalazine, opium, oxaceprol, oxametacine, oxaprozin, oxycodone, oxymorphone, oxyphenbutazone, papaveretum, paramethasone, paranyline, parecoxib, parsalmide, pentazocine, perisoxal, phenacetin, phenadoxone, phenazocine, phenazopyridine hydrochloride, phenocoll, phenoperidine, phenopyrazone, phenyl acetylsalicylate, phenylbutazone, phenyl salicylate, phenyramidol, piketoprofen, piminodine, pipebuzone, piperylone, piprofen, pirazolac, piritramide, piroxicam, pranoprofen, prednicarbate, prednisolone, prednisone, prednival, prednylidene, proglumetacin, proheptazine, promedol, propacetamol, propiram, propoxyphene, propyphenazone, proquazone, protizinic acid, proxazole, ramifenazone, remifentanil, rimazolium metilsulfate, rofecoxib, salacetamide, salicin, salicylamide, salicylamide o -acetic acid, salicylic acid, salicylsulfuric acid, salsalate, salverine, simetride, sufentanil, sulfasalazine, sulindac, superoxide dismutase, suprofen, suxibuzone, talniflumate, tenidap, tenoxicam, terofenamate, tetrandrine, thiazolinobutazone, tiaprofenic acid, tiaramide, tilidine, tinoridine, tixocortol, tolfenamic acid, tolmetin, tramadol, triamcinolone, tropesin, valdecoxib, viminol, xenbucin, ximoprofen, zaltoprofen and zomepirac.

Zusammensetzung enthaltend eine Petasitesextraktfraktion(en) nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusammensetzung zusätzlich wenigstens ein - Antiphlogistikum, Analgetikum, fiebersenkendes Mittel; - Extrakte der Chamomilla recutita, Rhizoma Curcumae longae, Rhizoma Curcumae xanthorrhizae, Curcumae xanthorrhiza, Cortex Salicis, Salicis purpurea, Salicis daphenoides und/oder der Tanacetum parthenium; - Spurenelemente, vorzugsweise Salze von Chrom, Eisen, Iod, Kupfer, Kobalt, Magnesium, Mangan, Selen und/oder Zink; - Sekretolytikum, Sekretomotorikum, vorzugsweise Extrakte der Süßholzwurzel, Thymiankraut und/oder Pfefferminzöl; - Bronchospasmolytikum, vorzugsweise Extrakte von Efeublättern, Calendula und/oder Viola; - Vitamin, vorzugsweise Vitamin A, B, C, D, E und/oder K; und/oder - Antioxidanz, vorzugsweise Lycopin, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Bioflavonoide, Traubenkem-Extrakt, umfasst Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zusammensetzung wenigstens ein Stoff zugesetzt ist, der die Resorption im Magen-Darmtrakt erhöht, wobei der die Resorption erhöhende Stoff vorzugsweise einen Emulgator, wie Natriumalkylsulfat, Alkylsulfonat, Alkylcarboxylat, Alkylalkoholat, bevorzugt mit einer Alkylkettenlänge von C 12 -C 18 ; Polyethylenglykolfettalkoholether; Ester sowie Ether von Polyethylenglykol mit höheren Fettsäuren, Fettalkoholen und/oder Polyethylenglykolstearat; besonders bevorzugt Cetylstearylalkohol und/oder Glycerinpolyethylenglycolricinoleat, umfasst.

Composition comprising a petasites extract fraction(s) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition additionally comprise at least one - antiphlogistic, analgetic, fever reducing agent; - extracts of chamomilla recutita, rhizoma curcumae longae, rhizoma curcumae xanthorrhizae, curcumae xanthorrhiza, cortex salicis, salicis purpurea, salicis daphenoides and/or tanacetum parthenium; - trace elements, preferably salts of chromium, iron, iodine, copper, cobalt, magnesium, manganese, selenium and/or zinc; - secretolytic, secretomotoric, preferably extracts of the licorice root, thyme and/or peppermint oil; - bronchospasmolytic, preferably extracts of ivy leaves, calendula and/or viola; - vitamin, preferably vitamin A, B, C, D, E and/or K; and/or - antioxidant, preferably lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, bioflavonoids, grape seed extract. Composition according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one substance is added to the composition, that increase the resorption in the gastrointestinal tract, whereas the substance that increases the resorption comprises preferably an emulsifier, such as sodium alkyl sulfate , alkyl sulfonate, alkyl carboxylate, alkyl alcoholate, preferably having an alkyl chain length of C 12 - C 18 ; polyethyleneglycol fatty alcohol ether; ester as well as ester of polyethyleneglycol with higher fatty acids, fatty alcohols and/or polyethyleneglycolstearate; especially preferred cetylstearylalcohol and/or glycerinepolyethyleneglycolricinoleate.

Verwendung einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der pharmazeutisch und/oder physiologisch wirksame Stoff ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe umfassend wenigstens ein Antiphlogistikum bzw. Analgetikum, vorzugsweise Extrakte der Chamomilla recutita, Rhizoma Curcumae longae, Rhizoma Curcumae xanthorrhizae, Curcumae xanthorrhiza, Cortex Salicis, Salicis purpurea, Salicis daphenoides und/oder Tanacetum parthenium; Spurenelemente, vorzugsweise Eisen, Kobalt, Chrom, Iod, Kupfer, Mangan, Zink und/oder Selen; Sekretolytikum bzw. Sekretomotorikum, vorzugsweise Extrakte der Süßholzwurzel, Thymiankraut und/oder Pfefferminzöl; Bronchospasmolytikum, vorzugsweise Extrakte von Efeublättern; Calendula; Viola und/oder Vitamin, vorzugsweise Vitamin A, B, C, D und/oder E. Verwendung einer pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Petasitesextrakt wenigstens ein Stoff zugesetzt ist, der die Resorption im Magen-Darmtrakt erhöht, wobei der die Resorption erhöhende Stoff vorzugsweise einen Emulgator, wie Natriumalkylsulfat, Alkylsulfonat, Alkylcarboxylat, Alkylalkoholat, bevorzugt mit einer Alkylkettenlänge von C 12 -C 18 ; Polyethylenglykolfettalkoholether; Ester sowie Ether von Polyethylenglykol mit höheren Fettsäuren bzw. Fettalkoholen und/oder Polyethylenglykolstearat; besonders bevorzugt Cetylstearylalkohol und/oder Glycerinpolyethylenglycolricinoleat, umfaßt.

Use of a pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pharmaceutically and/or physiologically active substance is selected from the group comprising at least an antiphlogistic or analgesic, preferably extracts of Chamomile recutita, Rhizoma Curcumae longae, Rhizoma Curcumae xanthorrhizae, Curcumae xanthorrhiza, Cortex Salicis, Salicis purpurea, Salicis daphenoides and/or Tanacetum parthenium; trace elements, preferably iron, cobalt, chromium, iodine, copper, manganese, zinc and/or selenium; secretolytic or secretomotor agent, preferably extracts of licorice root, thyme and/or peppermint oil; bronchospasmolytic, preferably extracts of ivy leaves; Calendula; Viola and/or vitamin, preferably vitamin A, B, C, D and/or E. Use of a pharmaceutical composition according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that at least one substance is added to the petasites extract that increases resorption in the gastrointestinal tract, in which the substance that increases resorption preferably comprises an emulsifier, like sodium alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl carboxylate, alkyl alcoholate, preferably with an alkyl chain length of C 12 -C 18 ; polyethylene glycol fatty alcohol ethers; esters as well as ethers of polyethylene glycol with higher fatty acids, fatty alcohols and/or polyethylene glycol stearate; especially cetylstearyl alcohol and/or glycerol-polyethylene glycol ricinoleate.

Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, worin das Opioid-Analgetikum aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, bestehend aus Alfentanil, Allylprodin, Alphaprodin, Anileridin, Benzylmorphin, Bezitramid, Buprenorphin, Butorphanol, Clonitazen, Codein, Cyclazocin, Desomorphin, Dextromoramid, Dezocine, Diampromid, Dihydrocodein, Dihydromorphin, Dimenoxadol, Dimepheptanol, Dimethylthiambuten, Dioxaphetylbutyrat, Dipipanon, Eptazocin, Ethoheptazin, Ethylmethylthiambuten, Ethylmorphin, Etonitazen, Fentanyl, Heroin, Hydrocodon, Hydromorphon, Hydroxypethidin, Isomethadon, Ketobemidon, Levallorphan, Levorphanol, Levophenacylmorphan, Lofentanil, Meperidin, Meptazinol, Metazocin, Methadon, Metopon, Morphin, Myrophin, Nalbuphin, Narcein, Nicomorphin, Norlevorphanol, Normethadon, Nalorphin, Norpmorphin, Norpipanon, Opium, Oxycodon, Oxymorphon, Papaveretum, Pentazocin, Phenadoxon, Phenomorphan, Phenazocin, Phenoperidin, Piminodin, Piritramid, Proheptazin, Promedol, Properidin, Propiram, Propoxyphen, Sufentanil, Tramadol, Tilidin, pharmazeutisch verträglichen Salzen davon und Gemischen davon.

The method of claim 1, wherein said opioid analgesic is selected from the group consisting of alfentanil, allylprodine, alphaprodine, anileridine, benzylmorphine, bezitramide, buprenorphine, butorphanol, clonitazene, codeine, cyclazocine, desomorphine, dextromoramide, dezocine, diampromide, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, dimenoxadol, dimepheptanol, dimethylthiambutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate, dipipanone, eptazocine, ethoheptazine, ethylmethylthiambutene, ethylmorphine, etonitazene, fentanyl, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, hydroxypethidine, isomethadone, ketobemidone, levallorphan, levorphanol, levophenacyl morphan, lofentanil, meperidine, meptazinol, metazocine, methadone, metopon, morphine, myrophine, nalbuphine, narceine, nicomorphine, norlevorphanol, normethadone, nalorphine, normorphine, norpipanone, opium, oxycodone, oxymorphone, papaveretum, pentazocine, phenadoxone, phenomorphan, phenazocine, phenoperidine, piminodine, piritramide, propheptazine, promedol, properidine, propiram, propoxyphene, sufentanil, tramadol tilidine, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and mixtures thereof.

Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, worin das Opioid-Analgetikum ein Opioid-Analgetikum ist, das aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, bestehend aus Alfentanil, Allylprodin, Alphaprodin, Anileridin, Benzylmorphin, Bezitramid, Buprenorphin, Butorphanol, Clonitazen, Codein, Cyclazocin, Desomorphin, Dextromoramid, Dezocine, Diampromid, Dihydrocodein, Dihydromorphin, Dimenoxadol, Dimepheptanol, Dimethylthiambuten, Dioxaphetylbutyrat, Dipipanon, Eptazocin, Ethoheptazin, Ethylmethylthiambuten, Ethylmorphin, Etonitazen, Fentanyl, Heroin, Hydrocodon, Hydromorphon, Hydroxypethidin, Isomethadon, Ketobemidon, Levallorphan, Levorphanol, Levophenacylmorphan, Lofentanil, Meperidin, Meptazinol, Metazocin, Methadon, Metopon, Morphin, Myrophin, Nalbuphin, Narcein, Nicomorphin, Norlevorphanol, Normethadon, Nalorphin, Normorphin, Norpipanon, Opium, Oxycodon, Oxymorphon, Papaveretum, Pentazocin, Phenadoxon, Phenomorphan, Phenazocin, Phenoperidin, Piminodin, Piritramid, Proheptazin, Promedol, Properidin, Propiram, Propoxyphen, Sufentanil, Tramadol, Tilidin, pharmazeutisch verträglichen Salzen davon und Gemischen davon.

The method of claim 16, wherein said opioid analgesic is an opioid analgesic is selected from the group consisting of alfentanil, allylprodine, alphaprodine, anileridine, benzylmorphine, bezitramide, buprenorphine, butorphanol, clonitazene, codeine, cyclazocine, desomorphine, dextromoramide, dezocine, diampromide, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, dimenoxadol, dimepheptanol, dimethylthiambutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate, dipipanone, eptazocine, ethoheptazine, ethylmethylthiambutene, ethylmorphine, etonitazene, fentanyl, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, hydroxypethidine, isomethadone, ketobemidone, levallorphan, levorphanol, levophenacyl morphan, lofentanil, meperidine, meptazinol, metazocine, methadone, metopon, morphine, myrophine, nalbuphine, narceine, nicomorphine, norlevorphanol, normethadone, nalorphine, normorphine, norpipanone, opium, oxycodone, oxymorphone, papaveretum, pentazocine, phenadoxone, phenomorphan, phenazocine, phenoperidine, piminodine, piritramide, propheptazine, promedol, properidine, propiram, propoxyphene, sufentanil, tramadol, tilidine, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and mixtures thereof.