sign test

Sign Test

Zeichen-Test

sign test

Zeichentest

Results and discussion Infants spent more time looking at the test trials with the novel (reversed) ordering of lines (12.7 s), relative both to the test trials with the familiar (congruent) ordering of lines (8.9 s), t(23) = 2.37, p = .03, d = 0.52, and to the final three habituation trials, t(23) = 2.65, p = .01 (Fig. 1b). This novelty preference was shown by 18 of the 24 infants (sign test: z = 2.24, p = .02; Wilcoxon signed-rank test: z = 2.48, p = .01) and influenced infants’ test-trial preferences, F(1, 20) = 4.65, p = .04, ηp2 = .19, independently of the ordering of numbers presented during habituation (F < 1, n.s.). No other effects or interactions were significant. Infants therefore generalized their habituation to an increment or decrement in number to an increment or decrement in length, respectively.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion Kleinkinder mehr Zeit Betrachten der Testversuche mit der neuartigen (umgekehrt) Anordnung von Leitungen (12,7 s), bezogen sowohl auf die Testversuche mit dem bekannten (kongruent) Ordnen der Zeilen (8,9 s), t (23) = 2,37, p = 0,03, d = 0,52, und die letzten drei Gewöhnung Studien, t (23) = 2,65, p = .01 (Abb. 1b). Diese Neuheit Präferenz wurde von 18 der 24 Säuglinge gezeigt (Anmeldung Test: z = 2,24, p = 0,02; Wilcoxon-Test: z = 2,48, p = .01) und beeinflusst Säuglinge 'test-Studie Vorlieben, F ( 1, 20) = 4,65, p = 0,04, ηp2 = 0,19, unabhängig von der Reihenfolge der Zahlen während Gewöhnung (F

Results and discussion Infants received an average of 8.3 familiarization trials, exhibiting habituation from the first 3 trials (16.6 s) to the last 3 trials (5.9 s), t(19) = 7.8, p < .0001. Relative to their performance in the last 3 familiarization trials, infants showed no dishabituation to the positive, t(19) = −1.51, n.s., or inverse, t(19) = 1.28, n.s., test displays. Nevertheless, infants looked longer at the positive test display (7.9 s) than at the inverse test display (4.8 s), t(19) = 3.12, p = .005, d = 0.77 (Fig. 2b). This effect was found in 15 of the 20 infants (1 infant looked equally to the two kinds of test displays and 4 looked longer at the inverse pairing; sign test: z = 2.29, p = .02; Wilcoxon signed-rank test: z = 2.77, p = .005,) and was the only tested variable that affected looking times, F(1, 18) = 9.48, p = .006, ηp2 = .34.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion Kleinkinder erhielten durchschnittlich 8,3 Einarbeitung Studien aufweisen Habituation von den ersten 3-Studien (16,6 s) zu den letzten 3 Versuchen (5,9 s), t (19) = 7,8, p

paired-sign test

gepaart-Zeichen-test