surface mining

Surface mining

Tagebau

Less has been said or written, however, about the other side of the coin-the environmental benefits of a prosperous, growing economy. Many environmentalists remain ambivalent-and some openly suspicious-about many forms of economic growth and development. Entire industires are viewed as unnecessary or downright illegitimate by a shifting subset of activist, although not mainstream, environmentalist opinion: offshore oil development, animal husbandry, plastics, nuclear energy, surface mining, agribusiness.

Weniger wurde gesagt oder geschrieben, aber über die andere Seite der Medaille, die ökologischen Vorteile einer wohlhabenden, wachsenden Wirtschaft. Viele Umweltschützer bleiben ambivalent-und einige offen verdächtig über viele Formen von Wirtschaftswachstum und Entwicklung. Ganzer Industires werden als unnötig oder geradezu illegitim durch eine Verschiebung Teilmenge von Aktivist betrachtet, wenn auch nicht Mainstream, Umweltschützer Meinung: Offshore-Öl-Entwicklung, Viehzucht, Kunststoffe, Kernenergie, Tagebau, Agribusiness.

Surface Mining activity

Tagebau Aktivität

surface mining

Tagebau

surface mining

Übertagebergbau

surface mining and underground

Über- und Untertagebergbau

Pyrite and marcasite oxidation in the consequence of lignite surface mining creates lakes with pH as low as 2 to 3, buffered by high contents of iron and aluminium. Living conditions in this extreme habitat for plants and animals are described as well as the characteristics of the pioneer settlement. The utilization of these fish-free lakes is very limited. As possibilities for a water quality improvement special recultivation methods of overburden, chemical neutralization and biological ecotechnologies are recommended.

Pyrit und Markasit Oxidation in der Folge von Braunkohle im Tagebau erstellt Seen mit pH so niedrig wie 2 bis 3, durch hohe Gehalte an Eisen und Aluminium gepuffert. Die Lebensbedingungen in diesem extremen Lebensraum für Pflanzen und Tiere sowie die Eigenschaften des Pioniersiedlung beschrieben. Die Nutzung dieser Fisch-freien Seen ist sehr begrenzt. Als Möglichkeiten für eine Verbesserung der Wasserqualität besondere Rekultivierung Methoden der Abraum, chemische Neutralisation und biologische Umwelttechnologien werden empfohlen.

===Executive Branch=======Department of Agriculture (USDA)====* Office of Inspector General (USDAOIG)* United States Forest Service (USFS)** U.S. Forest Service Law Enforcement and Investigations (USFSLEI)====Department of Commerce (DOC)====* Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS)** Office of Export Enforcement (OEE)* National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)** National Institute of Standards and Technology Police (NIST Police)* National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)** National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)** * National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office for Law Enforcement (OLE)* Department of Commerce Office of Security (DOCOS)* Department of Commerce Office of Inspector General (DOCOIG)====Department of Defense====* Office of Inspector General (DODOIG)** Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS)* Pentagon Force Protection Agency (PFPA)** United States Pentagon Police (USPPD)* Department of Defense Police* '"Defense Logistics Agency Police (DLA)* "'National Security Agency Police (NSA)* '"Defense Intelligence Agency Police (DIA)* "'National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Police (NGA)* Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR)* Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction (SIGIR)=====Department of the Army=====* United States Army Criminal Investigation Command (CID)* United States Army Military Police Corps* Department of the Army Police* United States Army Corrections Command* Army Counterintelligence (CI), United States Army Intelligence and Security Command=====Department of the Navy=====* Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS)* United States Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division (MC CID)* Department of the Navy Police (civilian police)* Marine Corps Provost Marshal's Office (military police)* United States Marine Corps Police (civilian police)* US Navy Master-at-arms (military police)=====Department of the Air Force=====* Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI)* Air Force Security Forces Center (AFSFC)* Air Force Security Forces (military police)* Department of the Air Force Police (civilian police)====Department of Education====* Office of the Inspector General (EDOIG)====Department of Energy (DOE)====* Office of Inspector General (DOEOIG)* Office of Health, Safety and Security (DOEHSS)* Office of Secure Transportation (OST)====Department of Health and Human Services====* United States Food and Drug Administration (HHSFDA)** Office of Criminal Investigations (OCI)* National Institutes of Health (NIH)** National Institutes of Health Police (NIH Police)* Office of Inspector General (HHSOIG)====Department of Homeland Security (DHS)====* Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC)* National Protection and Programs Directorate** Federal Protective Service (FPS)* United States Coast Guard (USCG)** Coast Guard Investigative Service (CGIS)* United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP)** Office of Air and Marine (OAM)** Office of Border Patrol (OBP)** Office of Field Operations (OFO)* United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)** Enforcement Removal Operations (ERO)** Homeland Security Investigations (HSI)** Office of Intelligence** Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR)* United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)* United States Secret Service (USSS)* Transportation Security Administration (TSA)** Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service (OLE/FAMS)** Office of Inspection (OI)* Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General (DHSOIG)====Department of Housing and Urban Development====* Office of Inspector General (HUD/OIG) [http://www.hudoig.gov]* Protective Service Division (HUDPSD)====Department of the Interior (USDI)====* Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)** Bureau of Indian Affairs Police (BIA Police)* Bureau of Land Management (BLM)** Bureau of Land Management Office of Law Enforcement (BLM Rangers and Special Agents)* Bureau of Reclamation (BOR)** Bureau of Reclamation Office of Law Enforcement (BOR Rangers)** Hoover Dam Police aka Bureau of Reclamation Police* National Park Service (NPS)** Division of Law Enforcement, Security and Emergency Services (U.S. Park Rangers-Law Enforcement)** United States Park Police* Office of Inspector General (DOIOIG)* Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE)* United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)** Office of Law Enforcement** Division of Refuge Law Enforcement====Department of Justice (USDOJ)====* Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)* United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) (since 1973)* Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)** Federal Bureau of Investigation Police (FBI Police)* Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP)* Office of Inspector General (DOJOIG)* United States Marshals Service (USMS)====Department of Labor====* Office of Inspector General (DOLOIG)====Department of State (DoS)====* Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS)** U.S.

DHS) unterstellt sind:**United States Secret Service (USSS)**Transportation Security Administration (TSA) mit dem Federal Air Marshal Service (FAMS)**United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP, auch Zollbehörde)**United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE, auch Zollbehörde) mit dem United States Federal Protective Service**Coast Guard Investigative Service (CGIS)*Dem Verteidigungsministerium ("United States Department of Defense") unterstellt sind:**Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS)***U.S. Pentagon Police (USPPD), Teil der Pentagon Force Protection Agency (PFPA)**Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS), das wiederum dem Department of the Navy unterstellt ist**United States Army Criminal Investigation Command (CIC), dem Department of the Army unterstellt, mit Sitz im Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia**U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI), dem Department of the Air Force unterstellt, mit Sitz im Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia**Department of Defense Police (DoD Police), zusammenfassende Bezeichnung der zivil organisierten Polizeien der Teilstreitkräfte***Department of the Navy Police Division*Dem Justizministerium ("United States Department of Justice") unterstellt sind:**Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)***FBI National Security Branch***FBI Police (Selbstschutz)**Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)**Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)**United States Marshals Service (USMS)*Dem Finanzministerium ("United States Department of the Treasury") unterstellt sind:**Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division (Steuerfahndung)** Bureau of Engraving and Printing Police Force mit der United States Mint Police.